The history of basketball began
with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as
a less injury-prone sport than football. The game became established fairly
quickly, very popular as the 20th century progressed, first in America and then
throughout the world. After basketball became established in American colleges,
the professional game followed; the American National Basketball Association (NBA), established in 1949, grew to a multi-billion
dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and basketball became an integral
part of American culture.
The game of basketball, as we know it today
was created by Dr. James Naismith in
December 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts to condition young athletes during
the cold. It consisted of peach baskets and a soccer style ball. He published
13 rules for the new game. He divided his class of 18 into two teams of nine
players each and set about to teach them the basics of his new game. The
objective of the game was to throw the basketball into the fruit baskets nailed
to the lower railing of the gym balcony. Every time a point was scored, the
game was halted so the janitor could bring out a ladder and retrieve the ball.
After a while, the bottoms of the fruit baskets were removed. The first public basketball
game was played in Springfield, Massachusetts, on March 11, 1892.
There were only thirteen rules of "basket
ball".
1.
The ball may be
thrown in any direction with one or both hands.
2.
The ball may be
batted in any direction with one or both hands.
3.
A player cannot
run with the ball, the player must throw it from the spot on which he catches
it, allowance to be made for a man who catches the ball when running at good
speed.
4.
The ball must be
held in or between the hands, the arms or body must not be used for holding it.
5.
No shouldering,
holding, pushing, tripping or striking in any way the person of an opponent
shall be allowed. The first infringement of this rule by any person shall count
as a foul, the second shall disqualify him until the next goal is made, or if
there was evident intent to injure the person, for the whole of the game, no
substitute.
6.
A foul is striking
the ball with the fist, violation of rules 3 and 4, and such as described in
rule 5.
7.
If either side
makes three consecutive fouls it shall count a goal for opponents.
8.
A goal shall be
made when the ball is thrown or batted from grounds into the basket and stays
there If the ball rests on the edge and the opponent moves the basket it shall
count as a goal.
9.
When the ball goes
out of bounds it shall be thrown into the field and played by the person first
touching it. In case of a dispute, the umpire shall throw it straight into the
field. The "thrower-in" is allowed five seconds. If he holds it
longer it shall go to the opponent. If any side persists in delaying the game,
the umpire shall call a foul on them.
10. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall
note the fouls, and notify the referee when three consecutive fouls have been
made.
11. The referee shall be the judge of the ball and
shall decide when the ball is in play, in-bounds, and to which side it belongs,
and shall keep the time. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep
account of the goals with any other duties that are usually performed by a
referee.
12. The time shall be fifteen-minute halves, with
five-minute rests between.
13. The side making the most goals in that time shall
be declared the winner. In the case of a draw, the game may, by agreement of
the captains, be continued until another goal is made.
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